Pode deixar, vou ir atrás dos dados com certeza, amanhã mesmo. Foi uma conversa um pouco breve, talvez eu tenha ido um pouco "longe demais" nas afirmações, mas eu busco os argumentos amanhã mesmo, caso o professor faça alguma correção (o que eu espero) eu vou postar tudo aqui, e claro, pretendo trazer dados literários também, assim como teorias.
Sei que o post é antigo... Mas o amigo ficou de trazer fontes pra confirmar as afirmações drásticas que fez e nunca trouxe. Então eu trago fontes pra apontar justamente o contrário: a segurança no uso de cogumelos, que, na minha opinião, é uma das drogas mais seguras utilizadas pelos seres humanos. Trago, então, algumas referências sobre o uso de alucinógenos (não especificamente cogumelos, mas também mescalina e LSD, que possuem alterações e mecanismos muitíssimo parecidos).
Sobre abuso e dependência:
Like many classes of psychoactive drugs, hallucinogens are
sometimes used in a manner that jeopardizes the safety or
well-being of the individual or others (e.g. driving while
impaired; a pattern of use that interferes with work, school or
relationships). Under such circumstances, hallucinogens are
said to be ‘abused’. However, hallucinogens are not typically
considered drugs of dependence in that they do not engender
compulsive drug seeking (National Institute on Drug Abuse,
2001, 2006; O’Brien, 2006), consistent with the observation
that they are not reliably self-administered in nonhuman
animals (Poling and Bryceland, 1979; Griffiths, et al., 1980;
Fantegrossi, et al., 2004). Furthermore, they are not associated
with a known withdrawal syndrome (O’Brien, 2006).
Sobre psicose prolongada:
Another potential risk of hallucinogen administration is
provoking the onset of prolonged psychosis, lasting days or
even months (Strassman, 1984).
[...]
Unlike acute psychological distress, these cases will be extremely rare
in well-selected and well-prepared participants. In a survey of
investigators who had administered LSD or mescaline, Cohen
(1960) reported that only a single case of a psychotic reaction
lasting more than 48 h occurred in 1200 experimental (nonpatient)
research participants (a rate of 0.8 per 1000). Notably,
the individual was an identical twin of a schizophrenic patient
and thus would have been excluded under the proposed guidelines.
Prolonged reactions over 48 h were slightly more frequent
in patients undergoing psychotherapy than in experimental
non-patient participants, but still relatively rare, occurring at
a rate of
1.8 prolonged reactions per 1000 patients. Cohen
(1960) also reported that suicide attempts and completed
suicides occurred at a rate of 1.2 and 0.4, respectively, per
1000 patients. The causal link between hallucinogen exposure
and suicide or suicide attempt was only clear for a portion of
these cases in patients, and
no suicides or suicide attempts were
noted for the 1200 non-patient, experimental participants.
Sobre HPPD - Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder:
The incidence of HPPD is unknown,
although it is thought to be very uncommon given the relatively
few cases reported out of the millions of hallucinogen
doses consumed since the 1960s (Halpern and Pope, 2003). [...]
Indeed, many illicit hallucinogen users report
some brief visual abnormalities occurring after acute hallucinogen
effects, but only for a small minority of users are these
effects troubling or impairing enough to be considered clinically
significant or warrant the diagnosis of HPPD (Lerner,
et al., 2002; Baggott, et al., 2006).
Many illicit users regard
such sub-clinical effects as benign and pleasurable (Strassman,
1984; Lerner, et al., 2002; Frecska and Luna, 2006). Importantly,
the incidence of HPPD or other perceptual abnormalities
appears to be much lower in therapeutic or research
contexts with careful screening and preparation than in the
context of illicit recreational use, which may include the confounds
of polydrug use and unscreened psychiatric disorders
(Cohen, 1960; McGlothlin and Arnold, 1971; Strassman,
1984; Halpern and Pope, 2003).
Os textos são do artigo "Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety", publicado em 2008 no Journal of Psychopharmacology. Uma síntese é a seguinte: o uso de cogumelos e alucinógenos de forma responsável é mais seguro que o uso da maior parte dos tarjas pretas autorizados pela ANVISA. Simples assim.
